The newly developed plastic, known as "supramolecular" plastic, maintains the strength and versatility of conventional petroleum-based plastics. However, when exposed to saltwater, it breaks down into its original monomer components within hours, which are further decomposed by naturally occurring marine bacteria. This process prevents the formation of microplastics, a significant pollutant in marine ecosystems.
Beyond its rapid degradation in seawater, the plastic also exhibits beneficial properties when decomposed in soil. It breaks down completely within ten days, enriching the soil with nutrients and enhancing its fertility. This dual functionality positions the material as a sustainable alternative for various applications, including packaging and agriculture.
Importantly, the decomposition process of this plastic does not emit carbon dioxide, distinguishing it from other biodegradable plastics that may release greenhouse gases during breakdown. This characteristic contributes to global efforts in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.
The development of this plastic involved combining two types of biodegradable, naturally derived monomers in water, resulting in a material that is colorless, transparent, and highly dense. Researchers have found that by adjusting the monomer composition, they can tailor the plastic's properties, such as heat resistance and tensile strength, to suit various applications.
While commercialization plans have not been detailed, the research has garnered significant interest from industries, particularly in packaging, due to the material's environmental benefits and functional versatility.
This innovation arrives at a critical time, as global plastic pollution is projected to triple by 2040, with an estimated 23–37 million metric tons of waste entering the oceans annually. The development of such environmentally friendly materials is essential in addressing the urgent need for sustainable solutions to plastic pollution.
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